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PreRace Caps aren't meant to replace the simple joy found in a pre-ride espresso, but you'll get a much greater concentration of the same performance benefits without the harshness of coffee. Initially available as a powder to mix into water or your favorite sports drink (like EFS), the same PreRace formula is now available in a convenient capsule. This proven pre-exercise supplement is designed to increase mental stamina, maximum workload, and muscle oxygenation while improving mental clarityAAAit's the same formula provided to pro teams like Radioshack Nissan Trek and Bissell, and they're a favorite of time trialing heavy-hitters like Levi Leipheimer and Alberto Contador. While the effects of taking PreRace before your big ride might sound more than a bit fantastical, rest assured the ingredients are firmly grounded in the reality of nutritional science. Caffeine, 200mg worth, is the basis for the powder encapsulated in each serving. It is a building block upon which Western Civilization got its mojo, gone aggressive and industrial. 200mg is approximately two cups of joe or two 20-ounce sodas, but much easier on digestion than the aforementioned. PreRace is also heavy on Taurine, to the tune of 3000mg. Taurine, a neuroinhibitory transmitter, is found in Red Bull, and has been shown to reduce muscle damage. Citrulline Malate, in PreRace in a quantity of 500mg, has been shown to stimulate nitric oxide, remove toxins, and reduce lactic acid and ammonia. The result of all these ingredients is a seriously boosted caffeine level. The caffeine is more than enough to be noticed by the body, and the other ingredients improve nutrient absorption and further focus, which ultimately means the body on PreRace is working faster with less effort and keeping going despite the adverse physical reactions that happen with a hard effort. PreRace Caps are meant to be consumed 30-45 minutes before the event.